Indian defence enthusiasts have waited years for two critical combat aircraft programs. These programs are the LCA Tejas Mk2 and the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft, or AMCA. Both platforms represent India’s ambition to achieve genuine air power autonomy. However, the delays surrounding Tejas Mk2 often confuse observers and fuel frustration. The real reasons rarely enter public discussion.
Many people believe the Tejas Mk2 program has existed forever. They often describe it as a project running endlessly for decades. This perception ignores how defence programs legally begin in India. No major military project starts without approval from the Cabinet Committee on Security. Without CCS approval, a project remains only an idea, not a funded national mission.
The CCS approved the Tejas Mk2 program in September 2022. The government allocated nearly ₹10,000 crore for its development. However, this approval included a crucial condition. Prototype development would begin only after India achieved clarity on the jet engine partnership with the United States. The logic behind this decision was strategic rather than bureaucratic.
At that time, even the Tejas Mk1 engine pathway remained uncertain. The government did not want to invest heavily without knowing whether a suitable powerplant would exist. Delhi knowingly accepted delays to avoid committing funds prematurely. This decision may appear conservative, but it reflected long-term risk management.
Real movement began only in August 2023. By then, the United States had granted all necessary approvals related to engine cooperation. Aircraft fabrication started soon after. Typically, a new fighter aircraft rolls out within eighteen months of fabrication. The first flight usually follows six months later. Based on this cycle, the Tejas Mk2 should fly by September 2025. The Indian Air Force Chief has publicly indicated similar timelines.
Yet, an important part of the story remains unseen. Behind the scenes, engine negotiations continue to shape every visible milestone. From the start, India remained unsure whether a dependable engine agreement with the United States would materialise. This uncertainty repeatedly forced the government to slow decisions.
Trade tensions and tariffs complicated matters further. The GE F414 engine deal was expected to conclude by late 2025. Even after most negotiations concluded, the agreement stalled. Nearly a year ago, officials had completed most technical discussions. The plan was to sign a framework agreement by year-end and begin manufacturing in India.
Crucially, negotiations included the transfer of hot-section engine technology. This element explains why DRDO and HAL participated directly alongside the government. Despite progress, no final agreement has emerged. The passage of time has increased uncertainty rather than clarity.
Technically, the Aeronautical Development Agency already possesses engines for prototype use. However, India hesitates to commit. Once a prototype flies, the engine choice becomes effectively locked. Changing engines later would significantly increase costs and reduce bargaining power. The Ministry of Defence prefers to keep all options open.
This approach explains the absence of visible urgency. Strategically, India wants to preserve negotiation leverage. However, the cost of delay is real. Every month added to prototype development extends manufacturing timelines. This delay directly affects squadron strength and force readiness.
Recently, DRDO Chairman Dr. Samir V. Kamat stated that the aircraft could fly by June or July this year. Many observers expressed doubt. However, Dr. Kamat has never been known for casual or exaggerated statements. His credibility suggests the aircraft is technically ready.
A plausible explanation exists. The aircraft may already be prepared for rollout. The government may simply be waiting for negotiation outcomes. If India and the United States finalise a broader trade or engine agreement soon, the rollout ceremony could occur quickly. The first flight could follow within six to seven months.
At this stage, Tejas Mk2 is no longer an engineering challenge. The aircraft design, structure, and systems are largely mature. The remaining obstacles are geopolitical and strategic. Decisions now depend on diplomacy, trade alignment, and long-term industrial sovereignty.
Understanding this reality is essential. The delay does not reflect technical failure. Instead, it reflects a calculated national strategy. India wants not just a fighter aircraft, but control over its future.
