Pinaka is India’s premier multi-barrel rocket launcher (MBRL). Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it has become a crucial part of the Indian Army’s artillery. With its high mobility, precision, and adaptability, Pinaka has proven its effectiveness in combat. Now, a new 120-km range variant is under development, promising to enhance India’s firepower significantly.
The Evolution of Pinaka
Pinaka has undergone multiple upgrades over the years. DRDO initially developed it to replace the Russian BM-21 Grad systems. Over time, advancements in technology have led to improved versions with increased range and accuracy. Today, the Indian Army operates five variants of the 214mm Pinaka system:
- Mk1
- Mk1 Enhanced
- Mk2
- Mk2 ER (Extended Range)
- Guided
The Role of Solar Industries in Production
Solar Industries, a private defense manufacturer, has joined forces with DRDO to scale up Pinaka’s production. This partnership has not only increased manufacturing capacity but also improved quality control. With Solar Industries in the mix, India can produce these advanced rocket systems more efficiently and in larger numbers.
The 120-km Range Pinaka Variant
The new 120-km range Pinaka is in development. DRDO is designing the system, while Solar Industries will handle production. This upgrade focuses on increasing range without requiring major modifications to launchers. The rockets will remain backward compatible, meaning they can fit into existing launch systems without any significant structural changes.
Key Features of the 120-km Pinaka:
- Increased range from 90 km (Mk2 ER) to 120 km
- Minimal changes in launcher weight
- Backward compatibility with existing systems
- Guidance system for improved accuracy
This upgrade ensures that the Indian Army can deploy these rockets without additional infrastructure costs, making it a cost-effective modernization step.
The Guided Pinaka: Precision in Mountain Warfare
Unlike traditional rockets, Guided Pinaka features an advanced guidance system. This makes it highly effective in mountainous terrain, where precision is critical. Standard Pinaka launchers carry two pods with six rockets each (totaling 12 rockets per launcher). However, in the Guided Pinaka system, launchers carry eight guided rockets due to additional electronic components.
The Indian Army has found the Guided Pinaka particularly useful in regions like Ladakh and Kargil. The guidance system reduces the margin of error, ensuring strikes hit their intended targets even in difficult terrain.
Range Expansion: Challenges and Innovations
The Pinaka Mk2 ER currently offers a 90-km range, while the Guided Pinaka can strike targets beyond 75 km. The upcoming 120-km variant presents engineering challenges, as increasing range without significantly increasing weight is complex.
How DRDO is overcoming these challenges:
- Slightly increasing rocket diameter for more propellant
- Maintaining launch vehicle weight to avoid mobility issues
- Backward compatibility to use existing launchers without modifications
This ensures that the Indian Army gets extended range capabilities without logistical complications.
Comparing Pinaka with Chinese and Western Systems
Indian Army vs. PLA Rocket Artillery
India and China have different philosophies regarding rocket artillery. The Indian Army prioritizes mobility and adaptability, ensuring systems can operate in rugged terrain. In contrast, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) focuses on long-range, heavy rocket systems with little regard for weight.
| Feature | Indian Pinaka | Chinese PHL-03 | Chinese A-100 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rocket Caliber | 214mm | 300mm | 300mm |
| Vehicle Weight | ~22-25 tons | 43 tons | 45 tons |
| Range | 120 km (upcoming) | 120 km | 120 km |
| Mobility | High (suitable for mountains) | Low | Low |
Information source – PHL-03 and A100
The Chinese PHL-03 and A-100 systems carry 10 rockets per launcher, compared to Pinaka ’s 12 and Guided Pinaka ‘s 8. However, their higher weight makes them less maneuverable in mountainous terrain. In fact we saw numerous cases where MBRL ‘s of PLA were stuck in Tibet during mobilization towards eastern ladakh. China also operates A-300 rockets, which push into the tactical ballistic missile category due to their two-stage propulsion system and larger diameter.
Pinaka and HIMARS: Global Comparisons
The HIMARS system has gained international attention, particularly in Ukraine. As the U.S. under Donald Trump signals reduced military aid to NATO, European nations are looking for alternative artillery solutions. This opens an opportunity for Pinaka’s 120-km variant to enter the global market.
Pinaka’s Export Potential
India has started discussions with France, which lacks indigenous MBRL systems. The Pinaka 120-km variant could be an ideal choice for European countries seeking cost-effective, high-performance artillery solutions.
Why Pinaka is a strong export candidate:
- Proven track record with the Indian Army
- Advanced guidance system for precision strikes
- Competitive pricing compared to Western alternatives
- Manufacturing efficiency due to Solar Industries’ involvement
With successful exports, Pinaka could further cement India’s position as a global defense supplier.
Recent Developments and Future Prospects
A prototype of the 120-km Pinaka was recently spotted in Gachibowli, Hyderabad. The final system is set to begin testing soon. If trials are successful, large-scale production and deployment will follow.
What to Expect in the Future
- Field trials of the 120-km variant in challenging terrains
- Increased production by Solar Industries for faster deployment
- Export deals with friendly nations
- Further range and accuracy enhancements
Pinaka has evolved into a world-class rocket artillery system. With the upcoming 120-km variant, India is set to enhance its strike capabilities significantly. The involvement of Solar Industries ensures faster production, better quality, and stronger export prospects.
As the global demand for MBRLs rises, Pinaka stands out as an ideal choice for modern armies. With advanced technology, superior mobility, and cost-effective manufacturing, it is ready to play a crucial role in India’s defense and global exports.